What are some common types of malware?

The correct answer encompasses a comprehensive understanding of different types of malware and their distinct characteristics. Viruses, worms, and spyware represent three significant categories of malware with unique functions and behaviors.

Viruses are malicious code that attaches itself to legitimate software and requires a host to spread. They can corrupt files, damage systems, and propagate themselves onto other devices when users interact with infected files or applications.

Worms, on the other hand, are independent malware that can replicate themselves across networks without needing a host file. They exploit vulnerabilities in software or operating systems to spread rapidly, making them particularly dangerous in networked environments.

Spyware specifically targets user data and privacy by stealthily collecting information about users without their consent. This can include tracking browsing habits, capturing personal information, or monitoring keystrokes for sensitive data.

While Trojan horses, adware, ransomware, keyloggers, browser hijackers, and bots all represent notable threats in the cybersecurity landscape, the core elements outlined in the selected choice reflect foundational types that are essential for understanding malware behavior and prevention strategies. Thus, a focus on viruses, worms, and spyware aligns well with the fundamental classification of malware, contributing to a foundational understanding needed for cybersecurity awareness and defense measures.